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Separation Of Powers, Branches Of Government
Separation may refer to: Films * ''Separation'' (1967 film), a British feature film written by and starring Jane Arden and directed by Jack Bond * '' La Séparation'', 1994 French film * '' A Separation'', 2011 Iranian film * ''Separation'' (2013 film), an American thriller film starring Sarah Manninen * ''Separation'' (2021 film), an American horror film Literature * ''The Separation'' (Priest novel), a 2002 novel by Christopher Priest * ''The Separation'' (Applegate ovel), a 1999 novel in the ''Animorphs'' series by K.A. Applegate * ''Separation'', a 1976 Canadian political novel by Richard Rohmer Music * ''Separation'' (album), by American alternative rock band Balance and Composure (2011) * ''Separation'' (EP), a 2006 EP by Halou * '' Separates'', album by 999 * ''Separations'' (album), a 1992 album by British alternative rock band Pulp * Separation (band), a Swedish straight edge hardcore punk band * Separation mastering, in music recording Law and politics * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation (1967 Film)
''Separation'', a film produced in 1967 and released in 1968, was written by and starred Jane Arden and directed by Jack Bond. from the , 26 March 1968 Plot The film explores the life of a middle-aged woman following the breakdown of her marriage.Cast * Jane Arden as Jane * as Husband * as Woman * < ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonconformity To The World
Nonconformity to the world, also called separation from the world, is a Christian doctrine based on , and other verses of the New Testament that became important among different Protestant groups, especially among Anabaptists. The corresponding German word used by Anabaptists is ''Absonderung''. Nonconformity is primarily expressed through the practices of plain dress and simple living. Biblical basis *"Do not be conformed to this world but be transformed by the renewing of your minds, so that you may discern what is the will of God—what is good and acceptable and perfect." *"Wherefore come out from among them, and be ye separate." *"If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him." *"Know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity against God? Whosoever therefore would be a friend of the world is the enemy of God." *"That which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God." *"Ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Theorem (other)
Separation theorem may refer to several theorems in different scientific fields. Economics * Fisher separation theorem (corporation theory) - asserts that the objective of a corporation will be the maximization of its present value, regardless of the preferences of its shareholders. *Mutual fund separation theorem (portfolio theory) states that, under certain conditions, any investor's optimal portfolio can be constructed by holding each of certain mutual funds in appropriate ratios, where the number of mutual funds is smaller than the number of individual assets in the portfolio. Mathematics * Gabbay's separation theorem (mathematical logic and computer science) states that any arbitrary temporal logic formula can be rewritten in a logically equivalent "past → future" form. *Planar separator theorem (graph theory) states that any planar graph can be split into smaller pieces by removing a small number of vertices. * Lusin's separation theorem (descriptive set theory) states t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Process
A separation process is a method that converts a mixture or a solution (chemistry), solution of chemical substances into two or more distinct product mixtures, a scientific process of separating two or more substance in order to obtain purity. At least one product mixture from the separation is enriched in one or more of the source mixture's constituents. In some cases, a separation may fully divide the mixture into pure constituents. Separations exploit differences in chemical properties or physical properties (such as size, shape, mass, density, or chemical affinity) between the constituents of a mixture. Processes are often classified according to the particular properties they exploit to achieve separation. If no single difference can be used to accomplish the desired separation, multiple unit operation, operations can often be combined to achieve the desired end. With a few exceptions, chemical element, elements or Chemical compound, compounds exist in nature in an impure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Principle
In control theory, a separation principle, more formally known as a principle of separation of estimation and control, states that under some assumptions the problem of designing an optimal feedback controller for a stochastic system can be solved by designing an optimal observer for the state of the system, which feeds into an optimal deterministic controller for the system. Thus the problem can be broken into two separate parts, which facilitates the design. The first instance of such a principle is in the setting of deterministic linear systems, namely that if a stable observer and a stable state feedback are designed for a linear time-invariant system (LTI system hereafter), then the combined observer and feedback is stable. The separation principle does not hold in general for nonlinear systems. Another instance of the separation principle arises in the setting of linear stochastic systems, namely that state estimation (possibly nonlinear) together with an optimal state feedba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Of Variables
In mathematics, separation of variables (also known as the Fourier method) is any of several methods for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, in which algebra allows one to rewrite an equation so that each of two variables occurs on a different side of the equation. Ordinary differential equations (ODE) Suppose a differential equation can be written in the form :\frac f(x) = g(x)h(f(x)) which we can write more simply by letting y = f(x): :\frac=g(x)h(y). As long as ''h''(''y'') ≠ 0, we can rearrange terms to obtain: : = g(x) \, dx, so that the two variables ''x'' and ''y'' have been separated. ''dx'' (and ''dy'') can be viewed, at a simple level, as just a convenient notation, which provides a handy mnemonic aid for assisting with manipulations. A formal definition of ''dx'' as a differential (infinitesimal) is somewhat advanced. Alternative notation Those who dislike Leibniz's notation may prefer to write this as :\frac \frac = g(x), but that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Of Concerns
In computer science, separation of concerns is a design principle for separating a computer program into distinct sections. Each section addresses a separate '' concern'', a set of information that affects the code of a computer program. A concern can be as general as "the details of the hardware for an application", or as specific as "the name of which class to instantiate". A program that embodies SoC well is called a modular program. Modularity, and hence separation of concerns, is achieved by encapsulating information inside a section of code that has a well-defined interface. Encapsulation is a means of information hiding. Layered designs in information systems are another embodiment of separation of concerns (e.g., presentation layer, business logic layer, data access layer, persistence layer). Separation of concerns results in more degrees of freedom for some aspect of the program's design, deployment, or usage. Common among these is increased freedom for simplification and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Axiom
In topology and related fields of mathematics, there are several restrictions that one often makes on the kinds of topological spaces that one wishes to consider. Some of these restrictions are given by the separation axioms. These are sometimes called ''Tychonoff separation axioms'', after Andrey Tychonoff. The separation axioms are not fundamental axioms like those of set theory, but rather defining properties which may be specified to distinguish certain types of topological spaces. The separation axioms are denoted with the letter "T" after the German ''Trennungsaxiom ("''separation axiom"), and increasing numerical subscripts denote stronger and stronger properties. The precise definitions of the separation axioms has varied over time. Especially in older literature, different authors might have different definitions of each condition. Preliminary definitions Before we define the separation axioms themselves, we give concrete meaning to the concept of separated sets (a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separated Sets
In topology and related branches of mathematics, separated sets are pairs of subsets of a given topological space that are related to each other in a certain way: roughly speaking, neither overlapping nor touching. The notion of when two sets are separated or not is important both to the notion of connected spaces (and their connected components) as well as to the separation axioms for topological spaces. Separated sets should not be confused with separated spaces (defined below), which are somewhat related but different. Separable spaces are again a completely different topological concept. Definitions There are various ways in which two subsets of a topological space ''X'' can be considered to be separated. * ''A'' and ''B'' are disjoint if their intersection is the empty set. This property has nothing to do with topology as such, but only set theory. It is included here because it is the weakest in the sequence of different notions. ** ''A'' and ''B'' are separated in ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intertemporal Portfolio Choice
Intertemporal portfolio choice is the process of allocating one's investable wealth to various asset In financial accountancy, financial accounting, an asset is any resource owned or controlled by a business or an economic entity. It is anything (tangible or intangible) that can be used to produce positive economic value. Assets represent value ...s, especially financial assets, repeatedly over time, in such a way as to optimization, optimize some criterion. The set of asset proportions at any time defines a Portfolio (finance), portfolio. Since the returns on almost all assets are not fully predictable, the criterion has to take financial risk into account. Typically the criterion is the expected value of some concave function of the value of the portfolio after a certain number of time periods—that is, the expected utility of final wealth. Alternatively, it may be a function of the various levels of goods and services Consumption (economics), consumption that are attained ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flow Separation
In fluid dynamics, flow separation or boundary layer separation is the detachment of a boundary layer from a surface into a wake. A boundary layer exists whenever there is relative movement between a fluid and a solid surface with viscous forces present in the layer of fluid close to the surface. The flow can be externally, around a body, or internally, in an enclosed passage. Boundary layers can be either laminar or turbulent. A reasonable assessment of whether the boundary layer will be laminar or turbulent can be made by calculating the Reynolds number of the local flow conditions. Separation occurs in flow that is slowing down, with pressure increasing, after passing the thickest part of a streamline body or passing through a widening passage, for example. Flowing against an increasing pressure is known as flowing in an adverse pressure gradient. The boundary layer separates when it has travelled far enough in an adverse pressure gradient that the speed of the boundary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation (statistics)
In statistics, separation is a phenomenon associated with models for dichotomous or categorical outcomes, including logistic and probit regression. Separation occurs if the predictor (or a linear combination of some subset of the predictors) is associated with only one outcome value when the predictor range is split at a certain value. The phenomenon For example, if the predictor ''X'' is continuous, and the outcome ''y'' = 1 for all observed ''x'' > 2. If the outcome values are perfectly determined by the predictor (e.g., ''y'' = 0 when ''x'' ≤ 2) then the condition "complete separation" is said to occur. If instead there is some overlap (e.g., ''y'' = 0 when ''x'' < 2, but ''y'' has observed values of 0 and 1 when ''x'' = 2) then "quasi-complete separation" occurs. A 2 × 2 table with an empty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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